硫代硫酸钠、磷酸钠联合处理铬渣中的六价铬

以硫代硫酸钠为还原剂,将铬渣中的六价铬(Cr(VI))解毒转化为三价铬(Cr(III)),并加入磷酸盐作为稳定剂稳定解毒后的铬渣,考察不同反应时间和药剂用量对铬渣中Cr(VI)去除效果的影响.结果表明:硫代硫酸钠可以有效去除铬渣中的Cr(VI),当其与Cr(VI)的摩尔比为理论摩尔比的12倍、处理时间15d时铬渣中Cr(VI)的去除率达到最高(70%),继续增加还原剂用量或延长反应时间均不能有效提高Cr(VI)的去除率.随后加入磷酸钠作为稳定剂,当其物质的量为生成Cr(III)的4倍时,硫代硫酸钠与磷酸钠分步加入(两步法)比同时加入(一步法)处理铬渣的效果较好,处理效果最好时总铬浸出浓度为6.1mg/L,低于危险废物浸出鉴别的总铬标准(15mg/L),而且形成稳定的铬的化合物(CrPO4·6H2O).铬渣pH值变化、五态变化、XRD及XPS分析等结果表明,两步法的处理效果好于一步法.     

Effect of effluent organic matter on ozonation of bezafibrate

The influence of three effluent organic matter (EfOM) model compounds, humic acid (HA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and sodium alginate (AGS), on the ozonation of bezafibrate (BF), a typical pharmaceutical and personal care product (PPCP), was investigated. The results show that ozonation efficiently removed BF from aqueous solution with removal efficiencies>95% within 8 min for all conditions. The reaction rate of BF decreased with increasing model compounds concentrations and the influence was more pronounced for HA and BSA, while less pronounced for AGS. Although BF concentration was significantly reduced, the degree of mineralization achieved was only approximately 11%. The addition of HA and BSA improved the mineralization of the solution, while the influence of AGS was minor. The acute toxicity of BF solution during ozonation was determined using the Luminescent bacteria test, and the toxicity exhibited an initial increase and a successive reduction. An overall decreased acute toxicity was observed with an increase of HA. The presence of BSA increased the formation rate of toxicity intermediates and resulted in inhibition peak forward.     

一株苯酚降解菌的分离鉴定及响应面法优化其固定化

从太原市焦化厂废水活性污泥中分离、筛选出一株苯酚降解细菌,经生理生化反应和16S rRNA鉴定,该菌株为Diaphorobacter属细菌,命名为PD-07.代谢机制研究表明,苯酚可诱导该菌合成邻苯二酚2,3-加氧酶降解苯酚.为了提高该菌株对苯酚的降解率,以海藻酸钙为材料,对该菌株进行包埋固定化研究.首先采用Plackett–Burman实验设计筛选出影响固定化菌株苯酚降解率的关键因素,然后采用最陡爬坡实验逼近最大苯酚降解率响应区域.最后用Box–Behnken实验设计及响应面回归分析,应用二次方程对实验数据进行拟合得,拟合曲线与实验实测值相关性良好,最佳条件为海藻酸钠浓度3.83%(m/V)、CaCl2 0.3mol/L、菌胶比1:26.73、固定化时间2h、摇床转速180r/min、培养温度30℃、初始pH值7.2、液固比4.86:1,在此条件下苯酚降解率可达96.89%.     

加速溶剂萃取(ASE)-固相萃取(SPE)-高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定土壤中青霉素钠

建立了一种加速溶剂萃取(ASE)-固相萃取(SPE)-高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定土壤中青霉素钠的简单、快速的方法.样品以超纯水为提取溶剂,50℃提取温度为ASE提取条件参数;HLB型固相萃取柱富集净化:6.0mL 5%甲醇淋洗、4.0mL乙腈-甲醇(1∶1)洗脱;高效液相色谱-紫外检测器(HPLC-PDA)测定,检测波长λ=191.1nm,柱温30℃,流动相为乙腈-0.1%甲酸/水(1∶1),采用等梯度洗脱程序,取得较好的检测分离效果.对0.5、2.0、8.0mg·kg-1等3个不同添加浓度水平的青霉素钠平均加标回收率范围为73.1%—89.7%,回收率相对标准偏差RSD范围为1.1%—2.9%(n=5),检出限可达235.0μg·L-1.结果表明,该方法操作简单,快速,准确度和精密度均符合质量控制要求,能够满足环境土壤样本中痕量青霉素钠检测分析的要求.     

位阻胺混合甘氨酸盐溶液吸收CO2的研究

在双搅拌反应釜中研究了位阻胺2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇(AMP)与甘氨酸钠(SG)混合溶液吸收CO2的性能.实验温度293~313K,混合溶液的浓度为AMP(1.5kmol/m3)+SG (0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8kmol/m3),SG浓度每增加0.2kmol/m3,200min内的平均吸收速率分别提高11.47%,10.07%,9.18%和5.33%.与AMP单一溶液相比,混合溶液在200 min时的吸收容量增加了11.5%~41.1%.在293~313K,吸收速率随温度上升而提高.使用加热的方法进行再生实验,得到1.5 kmol/m3 AMP + 0.6 kmol/m3 SG混合液的最适再生温度为378K.AMP + SG混合溶液的再生效率高于单一SG溶液及AMP + MEA/DEA混合溶液.     

十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)对刺参幼参的急性毒性

为探究表面活性剂对海洋棘皮动物的影响,测定了十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)对刺参(Stichopus japonicas)幼参的急性毒性。结果显示,SDS对刺参幼参的72h-LC_(50)和96h-LC_(50)分别为15.03和10.89mg·L~(-1)。刺参幼参相对于常见的几种水生生物对SDS的敏感性较高,其生命周期较长,活动能力较弱,生活相对固定于一定的区域,因此,在监测海洋水体SDS污染时,刺参幼参是一种值得关注的生物。     

液液萃取-气相色谱/串联质谱法测定水中五氯酚及其钠盐

采用液液萃取处理水样,用气相色谱-串联质谱法测定样品中五氯酚及其钠盐,通过优化测定条件,使方法在1.00μg/L~500μg/L范围内线性良好。检出限和定量限分别为1.00μg/L和5.00μg/L,空白水样五氯酚钠3个质量浓度水平的加标回收率为89.8%~98.4%,5次平行试验测定结果的RSD为5.5%~10.7%。     

理化因素对脱氮硫杆菌自养反硝化的影响

从连续运行的UASB反应器厌氧污泥中分离得到一株脱氮硫杆菌T.d.a,采用分批摇床试验,采用脱氮硫杆菌标准培养基,以硫代硫酸钠为硫源,研究pH值、温度、氮源(NO3--N,NH4+-N)、能源(S2O32-)、碳源(HCO3-)、葡萄糖、无机盐(P, Mg2+, Fe2+)对该菌株自养反硝化的影响.结果表明,在pH6.5~8.0,温度20~35℃的范围内,T.d.a对NO3--N均有较高的去除速率,其最佳反硝化pH值为7.04,温度为27.40℃.T.d.a对554mg/L的NO3--N对T.d.a有一定的抑制作用;T.d.a反硝化所需NH4+-N的限制浓度为2.62mg/L;S2O32-浓度对T.d.a反硝化的影响主要取决于其与NO3-的比例关系,在NO3-过量的情况下,NO3--N去除率与加入的S2O32-量成近似的正比关系.T.d.a以HCO3-作为无机碳源时其限制浓度为29.05mg/L;0~2000mg/L的葡萄糖对NO3--N去除率没有明显影响.P和Mg2+的限制浓度分别为0.034,0.059mg/L,Fe2+的限制浓度低于0.058mg/L.     

碳酸氢钠及其固态分解产物对玉米淀粉爆炸抑制实验研究*

为研究NaHCO3对玉米淀粉爆炸的抑制效果,采用20 L球形爆炸装置测试玉米淀粉在添加不同抑制比NaHCO3及其固态分解产物Na2CO3后爆炸参数变化规律,并分析NaHCO3抑制淀粉爆炸过程。结果表明:NaHCO3及Na2CO3对玉米淀粉爆炸均有抑制作用,NaHCO3抑制效果优于Na2CO3;混合粉尘的最大爆炸压力、最大爆炸压力上升速率与爆炸指数随抑制比增大而逐渐减小,爆炸时间随抑制比增大而逐渐延长。随着NaHCO3浓度增加,物理抑制效果逐渐增加,化学抑制效果基本保持不变。NaHCO3浓度不同时,其抑制主导过程不同,当抑制比为0.1~0.5时,NaHCO3抑制效果以化学抑制为主,物理抑制为辅;抑制比为0.8和1.2时,NaHCO3抑制效果以物理抑制为主,化学抑制为辅;当抑制比为1.2时,玉米淀粉爆炸完全被NaHCO3抑制,此时物理抑制起主导作用。     

Study on the removal of NOx from simulated flue gas using acidic NaClO2 solution

The study on the removal of NOx from simulated flue gas has been carded out in a lab-scale bubbling reactor using acidic solutions of sodium chlorite. Experiments were performed at various pH values and inlet NO concentrations in the absence or presence of SO2 gas at 45℃. The effect of SO2 on NO oxidation and NO2 absorption was critically examined. The oxidative ability of sodium chlorite was investigated at different pH values and it was found to be a better oxidant at a pH less than 4. In acidic medium, sodium chlorite decomposed into C102 gas, which is believed to participate in NO oxidation as well as in NO2 absorption. A plausible NOx removal mechanism using acidic sodium chlorite solution has been postulated. A maximum NOx removal efficiency of about 81% has been achieved.